Yudhoyono offered regret but no apology over the 1999 violence

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was speaking on the island of Bali following the formal presentation of the findings of the joint Indonesian-East Timorese Commission of Truth and Friendship (CTF).

EJose Ramos-Horta, East Timor's president, was present at Tuesday's presentation.

Some 1,500 people were killed and 300,000 forced to flee their homes in the violence that swept East Timor almost 10 years ago during the country's vote on independence.

The CTF's 300-plus page report found that the Indonesian government and military bore "institutional responsibility" for the violence, funding local militias and taking part in the violence themselves.

East Timor's troubled history

East Timor was a Portuguese colony from the mid 1500's, until it declared independence in November 1975.

Just nine days later, Indonesia invaded and occupied the island. Up to 250,000 East Timorese died over 24 years of occupation.

August 1999 saw East Timorese overwhelmingly vote for independence, in a UN-supervised referendum.

The vote triggered a scorched-earth campaign of violence by departing Indonesian forces and Jakarta-backed militias, killing up to 1,500 and forcing hundreds of thousands to flee.

An Australian-led intervention force helped restore order and in May 2002 East Timor was declared an independent state.

However, Indonesian officials have ruled out making a formal apology.

On Monday Juwono Sudarsono, the country's defence minister, was quoted by the state-run Antara news agency as asking if East Timor leaders had never themselves violated human rights.

"This case should not be brought before an international court because it is about reconciliation between two countries," he told the country's parliament.

In separate statements after the CTF report was released on Tuesday, both leaders spoke of the need to work together in the future, but made no mention of any further action related to the perpetrators of the violence.

'Gross violations'

According to the CTF's report, the people of East Timor were subjected to "gross human rights violations" including murder, rape, torture, illegal detention and forcible transfer and deportation.

It said Indonesian civilian officials provided funding and weapons to pro-Indonesian militias in order to intimidate, threaten and force people to vote for integration with Indonesia.

The East Timorese people vote overwhelmingly in favour of separating from Indonesia, and the country was formally declared independent in May 2002.

"Viewed as a whole, the gross human rights violations committed against pro-independence supporters in East Timor in 1999 constitute an organised campaign of violence," the report's authors say in their conclusion.

The commission, however, did not directly name the perpetrators and has no prosecution powers.

No Indonesian military commander or government official has so far been successfully prosecuted over the violence, which Jakarta has blamed entirely on local militias.

In April, Eurico Guterres, a pro-Indonesian militia leader and the only person ever jailed over the violence, was cleared of involvement by Indonesia's supreme court.

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