Soil analysis confirmed the presence of water on Mars [AFP/Nasa]

Nasa's Phoenix lander exploring Mars has confirmed the presence of water on the planet after analysis of a soil sample from the planet's surface, scientists say.

The discovery was made after the lander's robotic arm delivered a sample this week to an instrument onboard the lander that identifies vapours through heating samples.
 
"We have water," William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the lander's "oven" Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyser, or TEGA, said on Thursday in Los Angeles.
 
"We've seen evidence for this water ice before in observations by the Mars Odyssey orbiter and in disappearing chunks observed by Phoenix last month, but this is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted."
 
Earlier, Nasa officials said the Phoenix's mission had been extended until the end of September, describing its progress so far as "very successful".
 
Michael Meyer, chief scientist of Nasa's Mars Exploration Programme, said that the lander's minimum objectives had been achieved and that "full mission success" was expected.

'Mission success'
 
"It's been very successful and Mars had proven itself to be very interesting, mechanically the spacecraft is operating great, and there's plenty of power margin to carry us beyond the waning summer," he said.
 
"With that, what I'd like to do is announce that we're going to extend the mission to go till the end of the fiscal year (September 30)."
 
The lander started digging trenches into Martian soil after touching down near the planet's north pole on May 25, revealing a white substance that scientists confirmed was ice in June.
 
Peter Smith, Phoenix's principal investigator and a University of Arizona scientist, said ice scooped up by Phoenix's robotic digging arm was being analysed to see if conditions on Mars could have supported life.
 
"We're looking to understand the history of the ice, by trying to figure out if this ice has ever melted, and through melting has created a liquid environment that modifies soil," Smith said.
 
"We're just getting the data back. Through this we also hope to resolve questions, is this a habitable zone on Mars, meaning that we have periodic liquid water, materials that are the basic ingredients for lifeforms."
 
Smith said chemical analyses which indicated soil was alkaline had baffled scientists. "This is a mystery ... this is a typically acidic environment, perhaps this had to do with a nearby crater," he said.
 
Although important nutrients including sodium, potassium and magnesium had been discovered, no organic materials had been found so far, Smith said.

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