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Oct 14 2008
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ImageThe Bradley Effect: Should We Be Worried?
by Jim Moss

Obama now holds a significant lead over McCain in most polls.  Despite these strong numbers, many observers point to the Bradley Effect and claim that Obama’s lead is not as strong as it appears.  Here’s one explanation of the Bradley Effect and how it might effect Obama

Bradley Effect believers assume that there is an undetectable tendency in the behavior of some white voters who tell pollsters that they are “undecided” when in fact their true preference is to vote against the black candidate. This so-called effect suggests the power or advantage to alter an outcome - a pretty serious charge. This would render poll projections inaccurate (overstating both the number of undecided voters and the African-American candidate’s margin over a white opponent) and create an unaccounted for different outcome.

The hype surrounding the Bradley Effect has evolved to where some political pundits believe in 2008 that Obama must win in the national pre-election polls by 6-9 points before he can be assured a victory.

The Bradley effect is named for Tom Bradley, a black candidate for mayor in Los Angeles in 1982 who lost despite being ahead in the polls.  The same effect has been attributed to Douglas Wilder, Harvey Gantt, and a number of other minority candidates who performed on election day well below what the polls indicated.

Some blamed the Bradley Effect for Obama’s narrow loss to Hillary Clinton in the New Hampshire primary, although that is by no means a majority opinion.  The trouble is, the Bradlety Effect is impossible to prove, because there is no way to determine with any scientific precision why people would respond one way in a poll and another way in the election booth.  In fact, there is plenty of doubt out there that such a thing as the Bradley Effect even exists:

We all know instances of polls being wrong, when a white candidate didn’t win, right? Well, I don’t hear them talking about The Kerry Effect, or The Gore Effect, of The Dewey Effect.  I personally doubt that the Bradley Effect ever existed, or at least that it involved enough people to lose the race for him. It’s the premise that a bunch of white people in CA lied to the pollsters because they wouldn’t/couldn’t admit they were racist.

I’m from the deep south. There, the folks have no problem saying they won’t vote for a black man. No problemo. They are actually MORE inclined to lie and tell other white people that of course they are going to vote for the white candidate, and then secretly vote for the black one.


Some people, then, are actually predicting a reverse Bradley Effect - that more people will vote for Obama than will say they are going to vote for him.  Honestly, I have no idea who’s right.  I don’t know if Obama’s race is going to help him or hurt him on Election Day.

All I know is that this is making me very nervous.  As McCain/Palin self-destructs and Obama/Biden steadily rises, I’m paranoid about getting overconfident.  I mean, the electoral map makes it look like a done deal for the Democrats.  Nonetheless, I have this persistent fear that on November 4, despite a commanding Obama lead, we’re going to watch state after state surprisingly fall for the aging white man from Arizona.

With three weeks to go, does anybody else feel this odd mixture of confidence and anxiety?

Jim Moss is a Presbyterian minister from York, South Carolina. He publishes a blog and a quarterly newsletter called "Discipline for Justice," which focuses on ways North Americans can live lives that promote peace and economic justice.

 
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1. 22-10-2008 16:58
The Spread
Under the current Republican administration the American economy has lost $10.5 trillion in the last year. That’s TEN trillion with a “T” in net worth. This is the largest drop in wealth ever, greater than the Great Depression. The war in Iraq is no longer supported by 85% of Americans. The stock market is down 50% from a year ago. Home prices have fallen 15 – 50% in all the major real estate markets around the country. Many people’s life savings have been wiped-out. Yet, the Democratic Presidential ticket, under Sen. Barack Obama’s leadership is clinging to a mere 6-point lead in the national polls.  
 
How can this be? Why?  
 
With the terrible economic conditions this country is in, and an unpopular war, the Democratic ticket should be 20+ points ahead in the polls!  
 
But they are not.  
 
The reason is the 18-point spread - or what I call the B&B skew. B&B refers to the failed campaigns of Sen. Brooks and Mr. Bradley. Each had overwhelming leads in the polls, only to lose their elections by double and single digits respectively. The spread in each case was 18 points. Mr. Obama should win the election by this spread and more but will not. The only way to reasonably expect the Democratic ticket to win the presidential election, based on the history of a black American running in a majority white voter base, is if he is leading by GREATER than 18 points in the polls before Election Day. Otherwise, Senators Obama and Biden will not win the presidential election.  
 
They instinctively know this. This is why they are taking nothing for granted and spending every dime they have on advertising. However, the lead they need in the polls before the election, to reasonably expect victory on Election Day, has not materialized. They have not even been able to secure a lead of at least HALF the points needed or a 9-point lead in the polls. They know they are going to lose. They are not going to change the true nature of this electorate no matter how hard they try or how much money they throw at this intractable problem.  
 
Senator’s Obama’s “Quixotic Quest” to change the legacy left by de jure segregation and the resulting de facto segregation, has not been eliminated in America. Not now, not in this time, perhaps never. His defeat will serve as a paradoxical reminder and political lesson for future black candidates in what America was, and more importantly, what America is.
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cmburn@jhu.eduNOSPAM! ">C. Marshall

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